High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate and quantify compounds within a mixture. The sample is introduced into a column under high pressure, where it separates based on interactions between the stationary and mobile phases. The separated components are then detected, typically using UV or fluorescence detection. HPLC is an essential tool in pharmaceutical research, environmental studies, and quality control to monitor the presence of impurities, identify chemical substances, and guarantee product consistency.